A couple of weeks ago was the 40th birthday of the Internet. It is hard to believe, but the ‘Net has been around since 1969. We aren’t talking about the World Wide Web, which is something different, related, but different. There are some good histories of the Internet out there, but you might be interested in these, Dr. Leonard Kleinrock’s site at UCLA, and a narrative by Vint Cerf.
The Internet (yes, it is appropriate to have a capital “I” because it is a proper name) was a US government sponsored project. You can read the details at the links above, but, roughly speaking, the goal was to create a reliable communication method. The technique developed was very novel at the time. When described today it seems very simple, but in actual fact it is not.
The Internet is relies on packet communication. Data, such as a file, is broken up into small parts called “packets.” These packets are identified by what we might call a part number, a “to” address, and a “from” address. The packets are sent from one computer to another, but not necessarily by the same path. They are then reassembled in the proper order. It is almost if if a jigsaw puzzle sent from one point to another with some parts going by mail, others by UPS, some by Fed-X, and even more by camel.
One of the most amazing aspects of the Internet project was how the developers came up with protocols and schemes by which the packets could find their way from point A to point B, and then have the participating computers check and recheck to make sure the packets sent, received, and complete. If they aren’t “just right” the Internet protocols have the packets resent. This is fantastic stuff.
The World Wide Web (and, yes, “Web” must be capitalized as it is also a proper name) is a segment of the Internet. The Internet is a network of networks, all interconnected, and the Web is a part of the whole. Those of us who remember Internet communication before the Web know that the really neat and cool stuff we see on our screens today is absolutely out of this world compared to the “old days.”
Today the World Wide Web and the greater Internet are interwoven into our daily lives. This was not what the inventors had in mind, but there you have it. Most people say the ‘Net is a good thing, a very few say it isn’t, but the simple fact of the matter is that you could not read this entry if it wasn’t for the Internet and the experts who created it 40 years ago.